Method for fixing insulating boards and corresponding dowel

ABSTRACT

So that the method is also suitable for old construction, initially pins which have a pin body ( 2 ) and a pin head ( 7 ) are offset in such number on the wall that a plurality of pins are provided for each insulating plate ( 10 ). Then one applies an adhesive ( 9 ) to the pin head ( 7 ) of the pin and optionally onto the wall ( 5 ) and then one presses the heat-insulating board ( 10 ) thereagainst. It is advantageous for the adhesive area ( 7 ) of the pin to have openings through which the adhesive ( 9 ) can pass to the back side. The adhesive areas ( 7 ) can be especially star-shaped. It is however also appropriate to provide fiberglass grids as pin heads. For the pins of the invention it is characteristic that spreading zones or pin heads be adjacent one another. The pins can also have flexible reinforcing plates.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of fastening aninsulating board to a wall or a roof, especially for the retrofittingapplication of an old construction. It deals further with a pin [dowelpin, plug] for fastening thermally insulating boards to a wall or aroof, especially for retrofitting application thereof to an oldconstruction, whereby the pin has a spreading zone and a pin head andwhereby the pin head has a plurality of arms projecting in a starpattern.

[0002] Good thermal insulation of buildings can drastically reduce theenergy consumption. It provides not only a long term cost advantage butalso is desirable from an environmental protective reason (reduction ofcarbon dioxide production). For these reasons not only should newconstruction be appropriately insulated, but also old constructionshould be provided by retrofitting increasingly with thermal insulation.

[0003] In the case of new construction, the thermal insulating board canbe simply cemented to a smooth wall (for example of tiles or concretemasonry). With old constructions this is not possible as a rule becausethe masonry is not sufficiently stable. If one wishes to cementthermally insulating board to such masonry, there is a very great dangerthat the thermally insulating board will fall off together with a partof the loosened plaster or masonry.

[0004] With old construction the thermally insulating board is usuallyattached by screws or nailing. The disadvantage thereof is that thescrews or nails which penetrate the thermal insulation will form coldbridges which will reduce the effectiveness of the insulation.

STATE OF THE ART

[0005] From U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,513 it is known that imitation marbleboards can have nails cemented to them. To the surfaces to be covered,rails are mounted which have holes into which the nails can be stuck.The nails are cemented precisely at the corresponding locations of theboard and the board together with the nail is struck into the rails.

[0006] From U.S. Pat. No. 2,151,597, a method of fastening glass platesis known in which the initial hollow pin is mortared in the wall. Tothis hollow pins, disks are then nailed which have holes. To these disksan adhesive is applied, after which the glass plates are pressed ontothem and thus adhesively secured. In both cases, stiff plates are usedwhich are not directly comparable to thermally insulating boards.

[0007] In DE 197 011 22A1, a method and a pin for fastening thermallyinsulating boards are described. The problem attacked there is that bythermal stress the pin and nail are subjected to strong bending forces.This problem arises since the thermally insulating board is normallyplastered and the plaster can have a sharply different temperature (inthe case of exposure to sun to 60° C.) from that of the masonry. Sincethe pin and nail which pass through the thermally insulating board aresubjected to strong bending forces, the carrying capacity of the entirefastening arrangement can be significantly influenced. This problem issolved by the reference in that the pin has a spreading zone and a pinhead whereby a ring adjoins the spreading zone and is connected with thepin head by bendable ribs. The pin is secured in the masonry in that ascrew is threaded into the ring and thus into the spreading zone. Thescrew thus ends immediately above the masonry and only the rib of thepin extends through the heat insulating board. The pin head is comprisedof a network of a substantially circular outer contour. This lies on theouter surface of the heat insulating board and is covered by the plasterlayer which penetrates through the opening of the network at last inpart.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0008] It is the object of the present invention to provide a method anda pin for fastening thermal insulating board to a wall or to a roof inwhich the problem of cold bridging and of thermal stress does not arise.

[0009] This object is achieved by the method as set forth at the outset,according to the invention, in that one provid s a pin with a pin head,spaced apart in the wall or the roof in such number that each insulatingboard has a plurality of pins, in that one applies adhesive to the pinheads of the pins and optionally on the wall, and in that the thermalinsulating board is then pressed onto the pin heads and adhesive.

[0010] The object is further achieved with a pin of the type describedat the outset which according to the invention has a spreading zone andthe pin head directly adjoining one another.

[0011] According to the invention, therefore, pins are set into the wallor the roof also for old construction. The connection between thethermal insulating board and the wall or the roof is then effected inthat the heat insulating board is cemented onto the pins which are setinto the wall. The pins do not penetrate through the heat insulatingboard since the spreading zone and the pin heads are directly adjacentone another. Additional adhesive in the region between the pinsstabilize the brittle masonry of the wall or the roof; at the locationswhere the masonry is still stable, the strength of the bond between thethermal insulating board and the wall or the roof is increased. As theadhesive all dispersion-hardening adhesives with fillers can be usedwhich are customary in construction. They can be cement-containing orcement free.

[0012] By comparison with the prior art, insulating board fastening (byscrew attachment or nailing) there are numerous advantages. Firstly itis to be noted that there are no longer any cold bridges. This isnaturally of greater significance the thicker are the insulating boards,i.e. the better they insulate.

[0013] A further advantage is to be found in the fact that the pins areindependent of the thickness of the heat insulating boards so that onecan work with relatively few types of such pins. Finally there areadvantages even with respect to recycling: the insulation is free frommetal and thus has no impurities. Furthermore it is of advantage that inthe setting of the pins, the appearance is not affected because theinsulating boards are adhered subsequently. Thus one can determineimmediately whether the pins are well anchored.

[0014] Finally the problem of thermal stress as discussed in DE 197 01122A1 is also solved. Since with the solution of the invention, noelements penetrate through heat insulation boards and the heatinsulation boards themselves are sufficiently yieldable, this problemdoes not even arise.

[0015] A further advantage is that the adhesive bonding leaves nofreedom of movement between the pins and the heat insulation.

[0016] In the case of fastening with nails which penetrate through theheat insulation board, there is often a slight clearance free so thatthe heat insulating board can be slightly moved by the wind, therebyleading to unaesthetic noise and damage to the plaster. The nail or thepin can, as a result of their considerable length, under load furtherincrease the freedom of movement of the heat insulating board.

[0017] By comparison with the total area of a heat insulating board, thearea of the pin heads of the pins is naturally relatively small. A highdegree of stress is thus present in the adhesive tensile strength of theadhesive bond. If one uses as a material for the pin a plasticcontaining glass fibers, a stiffer plate can be provided as the adhesivesurface. When this is abraded so that its surface is roughened, a higheradhesive tensile strength is assured.

[0018] According to a refinement of the invention it is however alsopossible to produce a satisfactory connection with conventionalmaterials for the pin. According to this feature of the invention, oneuses pins whose pin heads have openings enabling the penetration of theadhesive backside, especially pins with star-shaped pin heads. In thismanner a formfitting connection between pin head and adhesive isproduced whereby the pin head functions as a reinforcement for theadhesive.

[0019] A similar effect is achieved when one uses pins whose pin headsare glass fiber grids. Here as well the adhesive penetrates into theadhesive surface and passes onto its rear side so that again aform-locking connection is achieved. Advantageously a flexiblereinforcing plate is stuck onto the pin which, in the mounted state liesbetween the wall or the roof and the arms of the pin. In this manner ithas been found that the tensile strength of the adhesive bond isstrongly increased (approximately doubled).

[0020] Finally, it is advantageous when a ring is fixed onto the arms todemarcate the adhesive area. In this manner, the worker can se clearlywhether he must apply additional adhesive or whether the appliedquantity is sufficient: the adhesive should contact the ring.

BEST EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Based upon the accompanying Figures the invention is described ingreater detail. It shows:

[0022]FIG. 1 a plan of a pin [dowel, dowel pin, plug] which is suitablefor the method according to the invention;

[0023]FIG. 2 a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1;

[0024]FIG. 3 an elevational view analogous to that of FIG. 1 but ofanother pin;

[0025]FIG. 4 an elevational view similar to that of FIG. 2, although ofa pin set into the wall and with which an insulating board is adhered;

[0026]FIG. 5 a possible arrangement of pins in a wall as well as apossible form for the application of the adhesive; and

[0027]FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a pin.

[0028] Based upon FIGS. 1 and 2, a pin will initially be described. Thepin 1 has a pin body 2 which can be constructed analogously to theconventional spreading plug. It can thus be inserted into a bore hole 4(see FIG. 4) in a wall 5 and can be spread by screwing a threaded pin 6therein or by hammering the nail into it. Differing from a conventionalplug, the pin body 2 can be greatly widened at its outer end so that apin head 7 is formed (see especially FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The pin head 7can be star-shaped (see FIG. 1) although it can however also have acircular configuration—see the pin head 7′ in FIG. 3. In the latter caseit is advantageous when it [the pin head] has holes 8.

[0029] The method of the invention is carried out as follows:

[0030] One sets the pins 1 in any regular pattern in the wall to beinsulated (see FIG. 5). Then one applies the adhesive 9, for example ina meandering trace. It should be noted that each pin 1 is to be providedwith a sufficient quantity of the adhesive; surplus adhesive is notdetrimental, it is simply pressed to the side, although too littleadhesive may be detrimental to the strength of the attachment. Theamount of adhesive between the pins is less critical. Thus the adhesive9 according to FIG. 5 in the region of each pin 1 is applied in a smallloop.

[0031] After the adhesive 9 has been applied, the insulating board 10(see FIG. 4) is pressed against it. Thus the adhesive is pressed betweenthe arms of the star-shaped pin head 7 (or through the holes 8 of theembodiment according to FIG. 3) through the pin head 7 or 7′ against thewall 5. The adhesive 9 thus engages both the pin head 7 or the pin head7′ in a formfitting manner so that the adhesive tensile strength betweenthe adhesive 9 and the pin head 7 or 7′ is not decisive in the strengthof the bond.

[0032] As one can see, the insulating board 10 is not traversed by anyfastening element so that fastening elements cannot form cold bridgesthrough the insulating board. The pin 1′ shown in FIG. 6 is formed inprinciple in a manner which is structurally similar to that which hasbeen previously described. It has a pin body 2 which has the spreadingzone 11 which is separated from the pin head 13 only by a shortcylindrical section 12. The pin head 13 has four radially-extending arms14. At its outer end these carry a ring 15. This ring marks the minimumsides of the surface which should be covered by adhesive.

[0033] On the pin 1, a reinforcing plate 16 can be slid which is fixedwith arms 17 on the pin head 13. This reinforcing plate 17 [sic] iscomprised of plastic and is provided with studs 18. As a consequencesuch a reinforcing plate 17 greatly increases the strength of theattachment. Definitive for the strength of the attachment is the tensilestrength of the reinforcing plate.

[0034] The invention has been described based upon the insulation of awall. In exactly the same way however a roof can naturally also beinsulated.

1. A method of attaching an insulating board to a wall or a roof,especially for retrofitting old construction with insulating board,characterized in that one offsets in the wall or the roof such number ofpins which have pin heads that a plurality of pins are provided for eachinsulating board, one applies an adhesive to the pin heads of the pinsand optionally to the wall or the roof and then the insulating board ispressed against the adhesive on the pin heads and wall or roof.
 2. Themethod according to claim 1 characterized in that one uses pins whosepin heads have openings to allow passage of the adhesive to the backsides of the pin heads, especially pins with star-shaped pin heads. 3.The method according to claim 1 characterized in that one uses pinswhose pin heads are fiberglass grids.
 4. A pin for fastening insulatingboards to a wall or a roof, especially for retrofitting application toold construction, whereby the pin has a spreading zone and a pin headand whereby the pin head has a plurality of arms extending in a starshape, characterized in that the spreading zone (11) and the pin had(13) are neighboring.
 5. The pin according to claim 4 characterized inthat a flexible reinforcing plate (16) is stuck onto the pin (1) andlies in the mounted state between the wall or the roof and the arms (14)of the pin (1).
 6. The pin according to claim 4 or 5 characterized inthat a ring (15) is fixed on the arms (14) to mark the adhesive area.